このページの本文へ

2022年版ブレークスルーテクノロジー10

2022年04月11日 10時32分更新

文● MIT Technology Review Editors

  • この記事をはてなブックマークに追加
  • 本文印刷
test

画像クレジット:test

202210 Breakthrough Technologies SCROLL TO EXPLORE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 パスワードの終わり パスワードは何十年も前から、あらゆる場所で、あらゆるもの …

202210 Breakthrough Technologies

SCROLL TO EXPLORE




パスワードの終わり

パスワードは何十年も前から、あらゆる場所で、あらゆるものにログオンするための標準的な方法として使われてきた。だが、新しい認証方法が登場したことで、ついにパスワードが不要となる。パスワードの代わりには、電子メールや携帯電話のプッシュ通知、生体認証などが使われるようになるだろう。人間が顔を覚える必要もないし、より簡単かつ安全になる。

Why it matters

THE END OF PASSWORDS

COVID VARIANT TRACKING

The pandemic brought unprecedented investment in genomic sequencing and dramatically expanded the capacity for this type of monitoring around the world. Better surveillance has allowed scientists to track the spread of the covid virus and to quickly spot and warn about new variants.

Why it matters

THE END OF PASSWORDS

A LONG-LASTING GRID BATTERY

We’re using more renewable power than ever. But what happens when the sun sets or the wind stops? Grid operators need a way to store electricity for later. New iron-based batteries may be up to the task. They’re made using abundant materials and could be cheaper and more practical than other types of grid storage.

Why it matters

THE END OF PASSWORDS

AI FOR PROTEIN FOLDING

Nearly everything your body does, it does with proteins. And the way a protein folds determines its activity. But figuring out proteins’ structure can take months. Now an AI called AlphaFold2 has solved this longstanding biological puzzle, which could make it possible to quickly design drugs for a wide range of diseases.

Why it matters

THE END OF PASSWORDS

MALARIA VACCINE

Malaria kills more than 600,000 people a year, most of them children younger than five. A new malaria vaccine approved by the World Health Organization could help save hundreds of thousands of lives every year. It’s also the world’s first vaccine for a parasitic infection.

Why it matters

THE END OF PASSWORDS

PROOF OF STAKE

Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin use huge amounts of electricity. This is due to the way transactions are verified, which now requires significant computing power. Proof of stake offers a way to verify transactions without using so much energy. Ethereum plans to transition to the system this year, cutting energy use by 99.95%.

Why it matters

THE END OF PASSWORDS

A PILL FOR COVID

A new drug from Pfizer provides effective and broad protection against the covid-19 virus, including the newest variants. Now other companies are developing similar medicines. Combined with vaccines, these pills could provide a way for the world to finally exit the pandemic.

Why it matters

THE END OF PASSWORDS

PRACTICAL FUSION REACTORS

The promise of limitless, carbon-free electricity has for decades inspired researchers to try to make fusion power work. Now one startup plans to deliver it to the grid by the early 2030s. Its design relies on a powerful new magnet that shattered records and should allow the company to build smaller, less expensive reactors.

Why it matters

THE END OF PASSWORDS

SYNTHETIC DATA FOR AI

Training AI requires vast amounts of data. Oftentimes, though, that data is messy or reflects real-world biases, or there are privacy concerns around the information included. Some companies are starting to create and sell synthetic data to avoid these problems. It’s not perfect, but it could be a better way to train AI.

Why it matters

THE END OF PASSWORDS

A CARBON REMOVAL FACTORY

Reducing emissions is a key step to mitigating climate change. But it’s not enough, according to the UN. To avoid catastrophic future warming, we must also remove carbon dioxide from the air. The world’s biggest carbon removal factory recently opened in Iceland to do just that.

Why it matters

THE END OF PASSWORDS

ABOUT THE LIST

ABOUT THE LIST10 Breakthrough Technologies 2022

Our annual list of 10 Breakthrough Technologies highlights the technological advances that we think will have the
biggest impact on the world in the years to come. Every year, our reporters and editors survey a wide range of
topics, from medicine to energy to digital technologies, to select advances that will affect our lives in meaningful
ways. Some have already started to change the way we live and work, while others are poised to do so soon. This is
the 21st year we’ve published this list. We hope you enjoy this glimpse into the future.

Explore the archives

CREDITS
  • Editing:Rachel Courtland, Mat Honan, Amy Nordrum, Michael Reilly, and David Rotman
  • Copy editing:Linda Lowenthal
  • Design:Rachel Stein, Solomon Henry Roh
  • Art direction:Eric Mongeon, Rachel Stein
  • Illustration:Andrea D’Aquino
  • Additional images:protein model courtesy of AlphaFold, practical fusion reactors
    photography by Tony Luong, carbon removal factory photography by Kristján Maack
  • Engineering:Jack Burns, Andre Vitorio
  • Analytics:Danielle Golds
  • Product:Mariya Sitnova

カテゴリートップへ

アスキー・ビジネスセレクション

ASCII.jp ビジネスヘッドライン

ピックアップ